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Author: teamnyshealth

A Wish List for 2026

Posted on by teamnyshealth

2025 has been a rough year. Core safety net programs like Medicaid and SNAP were gutted. Millions of hungry Americans were used as political pawns. The nation’s top health officials turned their backs on science and are undermining our public health infrastructure.

But we also saw resilience in the face of adversity, and we saw some big wins. Here at home, New York State became the 9th state to fully fund universal free school meals for every student. This means that 2.7 million students across the State have the food they need to be healthy and ready to learn. Universal school meals are a proven strategy to reduce food insecurity, improve mental and physical health, boost academic performance, and increase educational and economic equity. That’s a wish come true and worth celebrating.

It’s become a December tradition for me to share a wish list for how New York can be a healthier place in the upcoming year. As this year winds down, here’s what I’m wishing for:

1. Keeping health insurance more affordable. The federal government shutdown accomplished nothing except that it caused pain. The issue at the heart of the matter — enhanced ACA health insurance subsidies — went unresolved. ACA enhanced premium tax credits were introduced in 2021 and then extended through 2025. They will expire at the end of this month without action.

It will be a disaster if they lapse. Nationally, expiration of the credits is estimated to more than double what subsidized enrollees currently pay annually for premiums — a 114% increase. New Yorkers will feel this acutely. The State estimates average premiums statewide will rise by nearly 40%, an average monthly increase of $114 for individuals and $228 for couples.

With a renewed focus on affordability, this one ought to be a no-brainer. Congress needs to extend the subsidies.

2. Healthy and affordable food for all. The hunger rate in New York has climbed higher than it was in the early days of the pandemic. More than one in ten New Yorkers now faces food insufficiency. Families with children are hit especially hard. Black and Hispanic New Yorkers are more than twice as likely to struggle to put food on the table as white New Yorkers. More than half of older adults in New York State report difficulty accessing affordable, high-quality food.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is our single best and most enduring weapon against hunger. Yet the federal administration has taken aim at the program by slashing its budget, shifting costs to states, and enacting all kinds of barriers to the program.

It is not realistic for New York to fully backfill the federal cuts, but it can mitigate the damage. For example, New York State can and should include SNAP outreach as a requirement for all schools participating in the State’s Universal Free Meals Program. Federal regulations already require schools to publish information regarding the availability and eligibility criteria for free and reduced-price meals. As trusted messengers within communities, schools can leverage their existing communication channels to connect families to SNAP. New York can also increase support to food hubs at schools and emergency food programs that offer culturally responsive food options.

3. A shot in the arm for primary care. This one stays on the list for another year. Primary care has the best return on investment of any type of health care service — a rare “win-win” associated with both better health outcomes and lower costs. Yet, we chronically underinvest in primary care, spending only 5–7 cents of every health care dollar in this area. We can and should do better by devoting a greater share of total health spending to primary and preventive care. Doing so wouldn’t require spending more; it would mean spending in smarter and better ways.

I’m optimistic we will get there. The full New York State Senate has already passed the Primary Care Investment Act, which will gradually raise the share of health spending devoted to primary care. In a constrained budget climate with lots of painful choices on the table, doubling down on primary care is about the only move policymakers can make that will both save money and benefit patients.

Of course, just wishing doesn’t make things come true. Success will take hard work, persistence, coordination, and some luck. Let’s work together to make these wishes a reality. And please share your own wishes for the new year in the comments.

My final wish: a healthy and happy holiday season for you and your loved ones.

By David Sandman, President and CEO, New York Health Foundation
Published on Medium on December 8, 2025

NYHealth Comments on New York State Education Department’s Proposed Rule Regarding Outreach for SNAP

Posted on by teamnyshealth

NYHealth submitted the following comments on the New York State Education Department’s (NYSED’s) proposed rule regarding outreach for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

November 24, 2025

Angelique Johnson-Dingle, Deputy Commissioner
Education Department, P-12 Instructional Support
55 Hanson Place, Room 400, Brooklyn, New York 11217
(718) 722-2797
Regcomments@nysed.gov
I.D. No. EDU-38-25-00009-P

Re: Notice of Proposed Rule Making: Outreach for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance

Dear Deputy Commissioner Johnson-Dingle,

The New York Health Foundation (NYHealth) appreciates the opportunity to comment on New York State Education Department’s (NYSED’s) proposed rule regarding outreach for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

NYHealth is a private foundation that works to improve the health of all New Yorkers, especially people of color and others who have been historically marginalized. Our Healthy Food, Healthy Lives program seeks to advance policies and programs that connect New Yorkers with the food they need to thrive. Maximizing participation in nutrition benefits programs, like SNAP, is a core strategy of this program. Our work has provided us with in-depth knowledge of how food insecurity has widespread negative ramifications on the health of individuals and their families, as well as the ways the proposed rule could improve the lives of families across New York.

SNAP is our nation’s largest anti-hunger program, helping nearly 3 million New Yorkers, including more than 850,000 children, supplement their monthly food costs.[1] SNAP lifts families with children out of poverty and improves child health. Research indicates that participation in SNAP can lead to improvements in reading and math, as well as the likelihood of graduating from high school.[2] Despite these benefits, many potentially eligible New Yorkers do not participate in SNAP.

Schools are well-positioned to address the gap in participation. Federal regulations already require schools to publish information regarding the availability and eligibility criteria for free and reduced-price meals.[3] As trusted messengers within communities, schools can leverage their existing communication channels to connect families to another nutrition program, SNAP.

NYHealth strongly supports SNAP outreach as a requirement for all schools participating in the State’s Universal Free Meals Program. Effective SNAP outreach in schools is integral to the sustainability of New York’s Universal Free School Meals Program. When more students participate in SNAP, schools can draw down more federal reimbursement through the federal school lunch and breakfast programs. Maximizing federal dollars in this way ensures that the administration of the Universal Free School Meals Program is both sustainable and cost-effective. For schools, increased SNAP uptake among families also translates to administrative efficiencies, with fewer resources spent on collecting income information from households.

SNAP outreach in schools is also a strategic opportunity to connect families with supports beyond nutrition. Families participating in SNAP no longer need to submit their income information to their schools, and they are automatically eligible for other benefits, such as fee waivers for testing, discounts on Advanced Placement (AP) courses, and Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) benefits.

Recommended Amendments

To strengthen the final rule, we offer the following recommendations:

I. Set standards regarding the timing, frequency, and modes of outreach. We recommend that the rule requires schools to distribute SNAP educational materials at least three times each school year: at the start of each school year, mid-year, and at the end of the school year. These timeframes align with other routine district outreach to families, as well as required timelines for data reporting to the State. Schools operating the Summer Food Service Program should also be required to inform families about the availability of SNAP at service sites.

New York’s SNAP outreach requirement for schools should align with federal requirements regarding free and reduced-price school meals. SNAP outreach messaging that is strategically paired with other types of information regularly sent to families, including school lunch menus, forms to collect free/reduced-price application, or household income forms, will be more likely to reach families.

Each school or district participating in the Universal Free School Meal program should be required to provide SNAP educational materials, local SNAP outreach provider contact information, and information on how to apply. Schools can also add this information to the district’s website, social media channels, parent apps, or other relevant communication channels.

II. Ensure that direct referrals to SNAP are effective. We commend that the proposed rule instructs schools to provide direct referrals to local SNAP outreach providers which offer eligibility pre-screening, application assistance, and program education. Connecting families to SNAP navigators, such as those working under the State-funded Nutrition Outreach and Education Program (NOEP), is among the most effective ways to help families enroll in SNAP. NOEP is the State’s largest SNAP outreach program, operating through a network of community-based organizations. Statewide, more than eighty SNAP navigators provide confidential, no-cost services to individuals and families in their respective counties or boroughs.

Schools should also leverage online tools, such as Hunger Solutions New York’s SNAP eligibility pre-screening tool, which help families quickly determine if they are potentially eligible. It also provides contact information for local SNAP outreach providers. Schools have successfully connected families to SNAP by including this tool on their websites and other districtwide communications to families.

III. Continue to improve State-level data systems that support SNAP. The statewide direct certification database, which currently merges SNAP, Medicaid, and student data, helps to ensure schools can accurately and efficiently certify children who are automatically eligible for free school meals. NYSED’s ongoing efforts to improve the direct certification system’s match processes and algorithms have yielded strong results, increasing the system’s match rate from 84% in the 2016-2017 school year to 100% by the 2018-2019 school year.[4],[5] As data systems continue to evolve, New York should continue to implement best practices, such as monthly SNAP data uploads and probabilistic matching software investments, and continue to invest in new technology.

NYHealth supports the intent of the proposed rule. At a time of increased food insecurity among New Yorkers, which disproportionately impacts households with children, schools are critical partners in safeguarding students from hunger.[6] This rule will provide schools with guidance on conducting effective SNAP outreach and ensuring that eligible children are connected to nutrition support at home. It will also ensure an efficient and sustainable Universal Free School Meals Program, maximize federal dollars to strengthen food security, and advance New York as a national leader for anti-hunger policy.

We thank the State Education Department for the opportunity to comment on this proposed rule and encourage careful consideration of the recommendations provided.

Sincerely,

David Sandman, Ph.D.
President and CEO
New York Health Foundation

References
[1] New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance. Who Benefits from SNAP? May 2025. https://otda.ny.gov/resources/reports/SNAP-Congressional-Districts.pdf.

[2] Carlson S, Rosenbaum D, Keith-Jennings B, Nchako C. SNAP Works for America’s Children. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. September 29, 2016. https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/snap-works-for-americas-children#:~:text=Children%20who%20receive%20SNAP%20do,graduation%2C%20and%20program%20participation).

[3] United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services. Eligibility Manual for School Meals Determining and Verifying Eligibility. July 18, 2017. https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/cn/SP36_CACFP15_SFSP11-2017a1.pdf.

[4] United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services. Direct Certification in the National School Lunch Program: State Implementation Progress Report to Congress School Year 2015-2016 & School Year 2016-2017. October 2018. https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/NSLPDirectCertification2016.pdf.

[5] United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services. Direct Certification in the National School Lunch Program: State Implementation Progress Report to Congress School Year 2017-2018 & School Year 2018-2019. June 2021. https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/NSLPDirectCertification2017-1.pdf.

[6] Okonkwo C, Ford MM, McCarthy J, Barrett A, Havusha A. Sandman D. Hunger on the Rise: New York’s Food Insufficiency Rates Hit New Highs and Exceed Pandemic Levels. New York Health Foundation. 2025. https://nyhealthfoundation.org/resource/hunger-on-the-rise-nys-food-insufficiency-2024update/.

Giving Thanks When Times Are Tough

Posted on by teamnyshealth

Thanksgiving has always been one of my favorite holidays. I like the season and the food. I like that it’s an inclusive, non-religious holiday. I like that it’s celebrated at home, without the pressure of gift-giving. I like being with family and friends, and the spirit of gratitude. 

This Thanksgiving will be a little different for me—and for far too many families across New York. 

After nearly 35 years of hosting, my mom is passing the torch. She’ll still make her amazing stuffing, but I’ll be hosting the crowd at my place this year. A lot will be the same, with a few twists (sweet potatoes will not be on the menu because I hate them, and a few new sides will debut). Hopefully, the food will be delicious and abundant enough for everyone to take home leftovers. 

But not everyone will be so fortunate. 

The hunger rate in New York has climbed higher than it was in the early days of the pandemic. More than one in ten New Yorkers now faces food insufficiency, according to a data brief the New York Health Foundation released earlier this year. Families with children are hit especially hard. Black and Hispanic New Yorkers are more than twice as likely to struggle to put food on the table as white New Yorkers. And while hunger is rising across every income group, it’s the lowest-income households that are most at risk. 

The Foundation’s research also found that more than half of older adults in New York State report difficulty accessing affordable, high-quality food. Many are forced to make impossible choices: skipping meals to pay rent, delaying utility bills, or turning to credit cards just to eat. As they navigate retirement and aging, their fixed incomes simply can’t keep up with the rising cost of living in New York.  

That was the backdrop when the federal government delayed and cut SNAP benefits this month, a casualty of the government shutdown. For working families already stretched thin by inflation and stagnant wages, SNAP is not a luxury—it’s a lifeline. Pulling that lifeline, even temporarily, shows a level of cruelty that is hard to comprehend.  

After a lot of legal wrangling and the expected end of the shutdown, SNAP benefits should resume soon.  But nearly two weeks without money for food is an eternity when your pantry is bare. The emergency food system—including food banks and pantries—was stretched to the limit. People stepped up and did what they could. As the stalemate dragged on, the New York Health Foundation took action, committing $1 million in immediate cash relief to help New York families at risk of hunger. 

The emergency may soon be over. That’s welcome news, but it shouldn’t take a crisis—and multiple court orders—for families to get the help they need. In previous shutdowns, contingency funds and legal interpretations kept SNAP benefits flowing. Using food access as a political bargaining chip marks a new and shameful low point. The belief that we can rely on the federal government as a social safety net has been shaken to its core.  

As I set the table this Thanksgiving, I’ll be thinking about the millions of New Yorkers who don’t have enough to eat. I hope that you have a holiday filled with joy and deliciousness. Let’s work harder so that all of us can celebrate with abundance, dignity, and health. 

Public Hearing on Increasing Veterans’ Access to Mental Health Services

Posted on by teamnyshealth

NYHealth Senior Program Officer Derek Coy gave the following testimony on November 12, 2025, New York State Public Hearing on Increasing Veterans’ Access to Mental Health Services.

Thank you, Chairperson Stern, Chairperson Simon, Chairperson Hunter, and members of the Committees, for the opportunity to testify on increasing veterans’ access to mental health services in New York State. I am pleased to testify on behalf of the New York Health Foundation (NYHealth), a private, independent, statewide foundation dedicated to improving the health of all New Yorkers—including the more than 580,000 veterans who call New York State home. I am also a proud veteran, having served as a Sergeant in the United States Marine Corps.

For more than 15 years, NYHealth has worked to advance veterans’ health through grantmaking, policy analysis, advocacy, and convenings. Our efforts have identified service gaps, elevated innovative community-based models, and supported programs that meet veterans where they are. We have partnered closely with State agencies and other stakeholders to ensure New York’s veterans receive high-quality, culturally competent mental health care and support. We appreciate that the Committees have highlighted the RAND Corporation’s veterans’ needs assessment—commissioned by NYHealth—as part of today’s hearing.

Today, veterans’ mental health services face growing strain because of the federal H.R.1 budget law and the ongoing government shutdown. While philanthropy cannot replace federal funding, NYHealth is working with grantees, partners, and State policymakers to mitigate the impact. In the face of these challenges, New York State must redouble its efforts to protect and expand effective services for veterans’ mental health.

Veterans’ Mental Health Needs

At the launch of our Veterans’ Health initiative in 2009, NYHealth commissioned RAND to conduct The Needs Assessment of Returning Veterans and Families in New York State, published in 2011. The report examined the needs of returning Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans and their families and found that 16% of veterans had a probable diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 26% had probable PTSD and/or depression. Yet only 13% of veterans reported receiving minimally adequate treatment. Barriers included both logistical and cultural factors: nearly one in five (19%) cited cost, and more than one-third (35%) worried that seeking help could harm their careers. [1]

Informed by these findings, NYHealth has invested in expanding access to high-quality mental health care through a statewide network of partners offering counseling, peer support, and referrals. We have partnered with the Headstrong Project and the Military Family Center (MFC) at NYU Langone Health to increase access to tele-mental health services for veterans and families, particularly in rural and underserved areas. [2] Both organizations offer in-person and online visits that provide high-quality, trauma-informed treatment at no cost, regardless of location.

To build on this work, NYHealth again partnered with RAND in 2024 to update its landmark assessment—the first comprehensive review of New York veterans’ health and social service needs in 14 years. Key findings include:

  • More than 60% of new veterans now report having a disability—double the rate from the previous assessment.
  • The share of veterans with probable PTSD has increased (26% vs. 16%).
  • Nearly one-third (33%) report PTSD and/or depression; almost one in ten (9%) reported suicidal thoughts in the past year.
  • One in five (21%) veterans report unmet mental health needs, citing barriers to access, concerns about treatment effectiveness, and stigma. [3] Twenty-five percent don’t know where to find care, and 40% doubt the effectiveness of services.

These findings underscore the persistent and complex barriers veterans face in accessing mental health care.

The changing federal landscape, including the ongoing government shutdown, adds complexity and strain. Threats to U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) services increases veterans’ uncertainty about available benefits and services. The Committee should also consider how veterans’ mental health needs have been exacerbated by the continuing shortages of mental health providers at the VA. Our partners at the Headstrong Project and MFC report seeing record high numbers of patients; they cannot fill the gaps of care left by VA staffing shortages. Furthermore, the impending cuts to Medicaid will negatively affect veterans’ access to mental health care, as 15% of veterans in New York State use the program, often as an additional source of insurance. More than half of veterans enrolled in Medicaid are age 65 and over, who may also need help managing chronic conditions, long-term care, and covering out-of-pocket costs. [4]

The Ongoing Challenge of Veteran Suicide

Recognizing the link between mental health and suicide prevention, NYHealth has made this a core focus of our research and grantmaking. . Our annual report on veteran suicide in New York State shows that as of 2022, the veteran suicide rate has remained stubbornly high for more than a decade—nearly twice that of civilians. Suicide rates rose across all demographic groups in 2022 compared to 2017, with firearms remaining the most common and lethal method, used in more than 55% of veteran suicides. [5]

Mental health challenges—including PTSD, suicidal ideation, and substance use—also contribute to poor outcomes for veterans. For example, according to NYHealth’s own data analysis.[6] From 2012–2021, veterans in New York City had a 2.5 times higher rate of “deaths of despair”—including suicide and alcohol- and drug-related deaths—than civilians. Younger veterans (ages 18–34) had the highest suicide rates, while those ages 55–64 had the highest rates of deaths of despair. Black and Hispanic veterans in the Bronx were disproportionately affected. These figures represent real people, families, and communities struggling to access the support they have earned.

Considering their ongoing mental health needs, we urge the State to consider the following recommended approaches to support veterans:

Expand and Embed Suicide Prevention Across Mental Health and Social Service Programs

Suicide prevention should be integrated into all health and social service settings where veterans seek care, including primary care, behavioral health, housing, and benefits programs. Evidence-based tools such as the Columbia Protocol can help identify suicide risk early and connect veterans to care. [7]

The State should explore ways to expand other promising models. NYHealth partners like Stop Soldier Suicide have developed innovative approaches to identify, stabilize, and provide emergency mental health support for veterans in crisis, serving hundreds across New York since 2020. We also support the Counseling on Access to Lethal Means (CALM) training model, which trains providers and community members on suicide prevention. Adaptations of CALM and the website WorriedAboutAVeteran.org have expanded these tools to nonclinical audiences statewide.

New York State also played a leading role in the federal Governor’s Challenge to Prevent Veteran Suicide, establishing a strong foundation for coordination and partnerships. There is now an opportunity to renew and expand this effort.

Expand Peer Mentorship for Mental Health

Peer-to-peer support is a proven, cost-effective model that reduces isolation, strengthens social connection, and links veterans to care. NYHealth has long supported peer programs such as the PFC Joseph P. Dwyer Peer Support Program (Dwyer Program) and Onward Ops, which provide emotional and practical assistance to veterans, families, and caregivers.

Additionally, we have championed the expansion of Veteran Treatment Courts (VTCs) throughout New York State. These problem-solving courts divert veterans with mental health or substance use issues who have committed non-violent crimes from incarceration; they provide treatment-oriented solutions and community-based resources. The “secret sauce” of VTCs’ success has been its robust peer mentorship program.[8]

As peers are on the frontline of mental health and suicide prevention efforts, they need more funding, tools, and resources. To sustain and scale these efforts, New York State should increase investment in peer mentorship—particularly within the Dwyer Program, Onward Ops, and VTCs—and ensure diverse representation and training.

Expand Telemental Health Services

New York State should expand telemental health efforts for veterans to help mitigate barriers to care. Telemental health services expanded significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and can increase access to mental health services for underserved populations. Veterans in more rural areas can particularly struggle with accessing mental health services because of their remote location and other barriers to care.[9]

NYHealth-supported partners such as Headstrong and MFC demonstrate the success of providing cost-free, virtual mental health care statewide. Expanding telemental health offerings and reducing out-of-pocket costs should remain a priority.

New York State can also play a role in dispelling misinformation on issues like perceived ineffectiveness of mental health treatment as well as addressing stigma about receiving mental health care. In addition, the State can partner with the VA to help veterans understand their options and access care for which they are eligible, including mental health care.

Invest in Robust, Timely, and Transparent Data

New York State should support research and data collection efforts on veterans at a local level. City and State agencies can make available and leverage relevant local data to aid government and nonprofit organizations in their service delivery and evaluation efforts at relatively little cost. More precise and regular publications of data will inform policy development and service outreach.

NYHealth is committed to partnering on these efforts, but our most recent RAND needs assessment report is already outdated by a year and the suicide data we use for our reports lags by multiple years. Release and publication of more timely data must be a priority at the State-level. Future efforts should also ensure data are disaggregated by age, race, ethnicity, and borough to inform tailored programs better and address disparities in veteran outcomes.

In 2021, New York State acknowledged the importance of veteran suicide data when the Legislature passed Bill S2036/A3237-A, requiring the New York State Department of Veterans’ Services (DVS) to collect and report annual data on veteran suicides.[10] The first report was due by June 13, 2024, yet no report has been released as of today. Without timely, accurate data, policymakers and advocates are hampered in their ability to direct resources effectively and save lives.

Conclusion

Thank you again for the opportunity to testify. NYHealth is committed to supporting New York State’s work to improve veterans’ access to mental health services. It is paramount that they include suicide prevention focused efforts. As the federal government retreats from providing necessary health care and social services, New York State must step up.

We encourage the Committee Members to regard us as a resource and partner as these efforts develop. You can learn about our veterans’ health work and more by visiting our website, www.nyhealthfoundation.org. If you have any questions or would like to discuss further, please reach out to me at coy@nyhealthfoundation.org. Together, we can ensure that New York State veterans receive the support, care, and opportunities they need to thrive.

References

[1] NYHealth, “The Needs of New York State’s Returning Veterans and Their Families,” (2011), accessed October 29, 2025. https://nyhealthfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/new-york-state-returning-veterans-issue-brief-january-2011.pdf

[2] NYHealth, “The Headstrong Project,” (2024), accessed 29 October 2025. https://nyhealthfoundation.org/grantee/the-headstrong-project/

[3] NYHealth, “Understanding Veterans in New York: A Needs Assessment of Veterans Recently Separated from the Military,” (2024), accessed October 29, 2025. https://nyhealthfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/RAND_Understanding-Veterans-in-New-York.pdf

[4] New York Health Foundation, Medicaid and New York’s Veterans, (2025), accessed October 16, 2025. https://nyhealthfoundation.org/resource/fact-sheet-medicaid-and-new-yorks-veterans/

[5] NYHealth, “Data Snapshot: Veteran Suicide in New York State (2022 Update),” (2025), accessed 30 October 2025. Available at: https://nyhealthfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Data-Snapshot-Veteran-Suicide-in-NYS-2022-Update_.pdf

[6] Cobbs, E. Coy, D. Ford, MM. Havusha, A. Sandman, D. “Navigating the Crisis: Deaths of Despair and Suicide Among New York City Veterans” New York Health Foundation. (2024). Available at: https://nyhealthfoundation.org/resource/nyc-deaths-of-despair-suicide/.

[7] Posner, K. Brent, D. Lucas, C. Gould, M. Stanley, B. Brown, G. Fisher, P. Zelazny, J. Burke, A. Oquendo, M. and Mann, J. J. Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Version 6/23/10. New York: Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., 2008. Accessed November 6, 2025. https://cssrs.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/C-SSRS_Pediatric-SLC_11.14.16.pdf.

[8] Coy, D. Cobbs, E. Ford, MM. Havusha, A. Sandman, D. “Veterans Treatment Courts in New York State: Past and Future.” (2024). New York Health Foundation. Available at: https://nyhealthfoundation.org/resource/veterans-treatment-courts-in-new-york-state-past-and-future.

[9] Harris B, Gallant K, Mariani A. . Mental Health in Rural New York: Findings and Recommendations from a Rural Mental Health Listening Tour with Residents and Professionals. NORC at the University of Chicago NORC Working Paper Series, 2023. Available at:  https://www.sbirteducation.com/_files/ugd/e278f7_45417d63154f40139965b09ff6e7a7cf.pdf

[10] New York State Senate. S. 2036, 2021–2022 Regular Session. An Act to amend the County Law and the Executive Law, in relation to the reporting of a veteran’s suicide. Introduced January 19, 2021. Accessed October 30, 2025. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S2036/amendment/original

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